LED Color Modifications, Mixing, Adjustments, Filtering, etc.

For special colors, etc.

update date 7/25/2009

To get yellowish green for video display primary green usage, etc.

To get yellowish green for video display primary green usage,etc.

I get asked a fair number of times about achieving or obtaining a high efficiency green LED that is less bluish and more yellowish than the usual InGaN high brightness green ones, with dominant wavelength of 540, 545 or 550 nm. The usual ones have dominant wavelength typically around 525 or 530 nm. The green primary in a monitor complying with sRGB has a dominant wavelength around 549 nm, near 550 nm.

In an LED video display where the red LEDs have dominant wavelength of 625 nm (typical for InGaAlP red) and the green ones have a dominant wavelength of 530 nm, there is a way to make the "green primary" closer to that of most non-LED video displays:

Make the red LEDs receive a signal that is 84% of the "red signal" plus 16% of the "green signal". Do this after any nonlinear circuitry/processes that are used to achieve non-unity gamma. Adjust gain for each of the three primary color signals after this mixing process to achieve a "white point" of 6500 K or whatever you want "white" to be.

When this is done, the color achieved with a "pure green signal" has a dominant wavelength of 544 nm according to my calculations, assuming the three primary color gains are adjusted to achieve 6500K for white point and the blue primary has the same dominant wavelength as that of the blue primary in an sRGB monitor (approx. 464 nm).

This 544 nm "green primary" including any of most InGaN green LEDs with dominant wavelength of 530 nm has its z 1931 CIE chromaticity less than that of the green primary specified by sRGB. Mixing light from InGaN green LEDs with 530 nm dominant wavelength with light from red LEDs does indeed achieve yellows at least as saturated as those achieved by CRT monitors and CRT television / TV receivers / TVs.

I chose 544 nm dominant wavelength for "effective green primary" to use with 625 nm dominant wavelength red because use of these in a ratio of 77.3% green 22.7% red (by photometric content) achieves a yellow that when mixed with an appropriate amount of 464 nm blue achieves "D65" 6500 K white. A monitor complying with sRGB, when accomplishing yellow (red and green signals equal, blue signal being zero) has 77.3-77.4% of its photometric output from the green phosphor and 22.6-22.7% of its photometric output from its red phosphor.

If your video display using red, green and blue LEDs is an LCD one with an RGB backlight or a tricolor projection one, then the green needs to be adjusted by filtering with a yellow filter. Wratten #12 appears to me suitable, by appearing to me to alter the light from an LED having a dominant wavelength of upper 520's to 530 nm to a "lime green" shade having a dominant wavelength in the low 540's of nm. Yellow acrylic sheet such as yellow "Plexiglas" should achieve similar results, and should have good resistance to fading when exposed to intense green LED light for a large amount of time.

As for longer dominant wavelength green InGaN LEDs: Nichia has some available with color rank of H (dominant wavelength in the 530's of nm). Nichia also has some models with typical 1931 CIE chromaticity of x,y of (.189, .718) which has dominant wavelength around 530 nm as well as saturation that I consider above-average for green InGaN LEDs.

It is also notable that green InGaN LEDs tend to have color varying with current, in a way making them less bluish and more lime green or yellowish green as current decreases. InGaN LEDs also tend to have their efficiency increased when they are moderately or moderately severely underpowered. Some InGaN green LEDs achieve a nice "lime green" color with maybe-useful brightness when they are underpowered.


Written by Don Klipstein.

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